Autonomous
Drone Swarms

Researcher: Sujjay Karthikeyan | Lab: SmartNet (Adv. Dr. Ran Zhang)

The Thesis.

Single drones are limited by endurance and scope. My research focuses on swarm intelligence to offer the resilience and scale necessary for complex real-world operations.

Core OS

Ubuntu 24.04

Framework

ROS2 Jazzy

Simulation

Gazebo Harmonic

Control

MRS UAV System

Learning

PyTorch DQN

Process & Validation.

Utilizing the MRS UAV ROS2 Control Framework, I validated swarm coordination and data integrity within the Gazebo Harmonic environment.

Research Poster.

Full documentation of the autonomous drone swarm project presented at UNC Charlotte Honors College.

RL Coverage Optimization.

Training reinforcement learning agents to solve multi-drone coverage — positioning 3 drones to observe all 25 target points across a 100x100m area. The problem is first abstracted in 2D, then transferred to full 3D Gazebo simulation.

Algorithm

Deep Q-Network

Framework

PyTorch

Baseline

Tabular Q-Learning

Sim Bridge

Gazebo SDF World

The DQN agent uses a 4-layer fully connected network (4 → 64 → 64 → 64 → 25) with experience replay and a target network updated every 1,000 steps. When a convergence plateau appeared, the task was reframed as a static placement problem rather than a sequential decision process — a grid-search optimizer then established a 76% coverage benchmark the RL agent trains against. The companion DiscWorld repo generates Gazebo SDF worlds with 25 cylindrical targets for sim-to-real transfer.

Research Output.

This work is being written up for the AIAA SciTech 2027 Student Paper Competition (Uncrewed and Autonomous Systems track), co-authored at SmartNet Lab under Adv. Dr. Ran Zhang. The pipeline — 2D Q-learning prototype → DQN with benchmark → full ROS2/Gazebo simulation — documents the complete iteration arc from abstraction to deployment-ready system.

Reinforcement Learning Deep Q-Networks Coverage Optimization 76% Coverage Benchmark Sim-to-Real Transfer Multi-Robot Systems AIAA SciTech 2027

Repositories.

The full research arc lives across four repos — from a 50-line NumPy prototype to a production ROS2 simulation stack.

disk-position — 2D tabular Q-learning prototype
DroneSimulation / DiscWorld — Gazebo SDF world generator (25 cylindrical targets)
ROS2-Drone-Simulation — Full multi-UAV coordination under ROS2 Jazzy + MRS UAV

The disk-position prototype has its own page documenting the RL formulation and the lineage from 2D abstraction to 3D Gazebo deployment.